Virani defended the Online Harms Act to the House of Commons Friday for the first time since he tabled the legislation back in February.

Since then, legal and privacy experts, as well as civil society advocates, have voiced concerns about its potential to limit free speech.

The bill would impose stiffer Criminal Code punishments for hate-related offences. Examples include up to life imprisonment for advocating genocide and giving a judge the power to restrict someone's movements if they have evidence that person could potentially commit a hate crime.

The bill also establishes a new way for Canadians to file human rights complaints about hate speech.

"Canadians should not be expected to have their right to protected speech chilled or limited in order to be safe online," said Conservative MP Michelle Rempel Garner.

Virani defended those measures by underlining how online hate "has real world consequences," but said he's open to suggestions from opposition parties.

Some advocates have suggested the government section off the controversial Criminal Code and Human Rights Act changes into a separate bill, and leave the Online Harms Act to deal exclusively with online content. Virani dismissed the idea.

"I want to be very clear about the Online Harms Act and what it does not do," he said in his speech on Friday.

"It does not undermine freedom of speech. It enhances free expression by empowering all people to safely participate in online debate."

The government plans to do that by compelling companies to submit safety plans to a new Digital Safety Commission that would outline how they will reduce the risk of exposing users to seven different types of dangerous content.

Those include images of sexual abuse of children, non-consensual sharing of imitate images, and material that can be used to bully a child or encourage them to commit self-harm.

The commission would field complaints and be able to levy hefty fines for platforms that do not comply.

"For too long, the profits of platforms have come before the safety of users," said Virani.

"Self-regulation has failed to keep our kids safe. Stories of tragedy have become far too common."

The minister pointed to the story of Amanda Todd, a 15-year-old from Port Coquitlam, B.C., who died by suicide in 2012 after she was harassed and bullied by an online predator in the Netherlands.

Rempel Garner said it's important that Canadians are protected against online harms like "deepfakes" generated by artificial intelligence, and accused Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of inaction after his nearly decade in power.

She suggested the Liberals could move more quickly by instead expanding and updating the country's existing laws and regulations to ensure they apply to the dangers of the digital world.

That would be in contrast to what she describes as an "onerous" process of establishing "a new, three-headed, yet-to-exist bureaucracy"

"The point is," Rempel Garner said, "we could come to consensus in this place on simple modernization issues that would update the laws now."

For example, she says MPs could simply legislate the creation of a digital restraining order for victims of online harassment.

In addition to creating a new Digital Safety Commission, the government also plans to create a new Digital Safety Office and a Digital Safety Ombudsperson of Canada, where users and victims could take their concerns.

Rempel Garner said she has asked the Parliamentary Budget Officer to analyze the cost of setting up the new bureaucracy.

She went on to call the bill "completely flawed" and said it "should be abandoned."

Meanwhile, NDP House Leader Peter Julian accused the government of being slow to introduce the bill in the first place. It was first promised years ago.

He said he's concerned it does not mention ensuring companies are transparent about the algorithms they employ, which he said can cause users to be exposed to online hate and other dangers.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published June 7, 2024.