The Senate voted to enact the bill despite Cooper's objections, one day after the House voted for a similar result. Republicans hold veto-proof majorities in each chamber.

The bill, which is now law, means that a large windfall of funding -- about $463 million -- will be provided to the Opportunity Scholarship program in part to eliminate a waitlist of families who otherwise qualified beginning in the fall for grants to attend private or religious K-12 schools.

"A historic expansion of parental school choice is now a reality in North Carolina," Parents for Educational Freedom in North Carolina President Mike Long said after Wednesday's vote, adding that that legislature sent "a clear message that our state will continue to invest in students over systems."

When the General Assembly eliminated income caps for recipient families on the program last year -- leading to skyrocketing interest -- 55,000 children were otherwise unable to access the aid because GOP lawmakers initially this summer were unable to agree on appropriating additional funds.

They reached a deal in September, inserting it into a broader budget adjustment measure. But also added was another change long-sought by Republicans to compel North Carolina sheriffs to comply with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainers -- a request for local law enforcement to temporarily hold inmates believed to be in the country illegally so the agency can pick them up. An inmate can be held for up to 48 hours under the law.

Cooper vetoed the omnibus bill in September, with his veto message focusing mainly on the private school vouchers. He said the large amount of money now and in the foreseeable future for the program would damage public schools that they say aren't funded enough as is. He and other Democrats have also criticized Republican legislators for pushing the override instead of solely focusing on passing another relief package for western North Carolinians dealing with Hurricane Helene's impact.

"We cannot afford this," Sen. Natasha Marcus, a Mecklenburg County Democrat, said during the short Senate debate. "This is a budget-busting expense that more than doubles the already significant voucher problem in North Carolina."

Marcus also said the program lacks enough accountability and gives money to religious schools that discriminate based on a family's beliefs.

The Opportunity Scholarship program began nearly a decade ago and benefitted low- and later middle-income families. But Republicans in 2023 made the program universal, meaning even students from the richest families get scholarship payments -- albeit smaller amounts than poorer families -- in the name of offering school choice options for everyone. The newly enacted law allows award winners to be reimbursed through grant funds for tuition they paid for the fall semester.

The immigration provisions have been contained in bills since 2019 that Cooper vetoed while the GOP lacked a veto-proof majority. Such a supermajority was restored in April 2023, leading to more than two dozen overrides since then.

The legislation's supporters have repeatedly said it will keep communities safer by forcing sheriffs in predominantly Democratic counties to adhere to detainers. One of the bill sponsors, Speaker-elect Destin Hall, also referenced voters' choice to reelect President-elect Donald Trump -- who made concerns about illegal immigration a mainstay of his campaign -- as a seeming mandate to push the legislation.

But opponents to the bill, which include several Hispanic advocacy groups, said it will put immigrant communities in danger of being unfairly targeted by law enforcement.

The cooperation by sheriffs with ICE agents and the voucher money transfer now takes effect immediately.

The new law also contains about $160 million to address enrollment growth in K-12 public schools and community colleges. It also directs $377 million for Medicaid.

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Associated Press writer Makiya Seminera in Raleigh contributed to this report.